Journal of Basic & Applied Sciences is a peer reviewed, open access international scientific journal dedicated for rapid publication of high quality original research articles as well as review articles in major areas of basic and applied sciences. Earlier the journal was published as a regional publication but now the journal welcomes contributions from all around the globe.
Significant Errors Identified in the IPCC Reports
Some countries are concerned about increasing levels of carbon dioxide (CO2) causing dangerous warming of the Earth, as promoted by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). This is a mistake by the IPCC because the warming by CO2 is too small to measure. This study identifies six serious errors by applying critical thinking and the scientific method. For example, doubling the level of CO2, i.e., the Equilibrium Climate Sensitivity (ECS), does not measurably affect the Earth’s temperature because the warming effect of carbon dioxide (CO2) is too small to measure. Thus, the plot of the warming effect of CO2 against the level, whether or not it is a straight line or logarithmic, is irrelevant. The Sun’s energy is the primary control of Earth’s temperature. However, there is some energy input from the ENSO (El Niño Southern Oscillation). Thus, the Earth's temperature drops when the Sun’s energy output falls, as it is currently doing. The IPCC overestimates the warming impact of methane and nitrous oxide, both of which have a negligible warming effect. The Earth’s energy balance is incorrect because it is based on averages, and the amount of energy to evaporate water must equal the amount sent to space. It is recommended that people and their governments know about these errors and take appropriate action.
Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Development of an Auxetic-Based Elbow Wrap with the Aid of Resin 3D Printing
In this work, an elastic elbow wrap is developed to press a cotton ball against the skin after a blood draw during an annual medical checkup, helping to stop bleeding. The wrap is made entirely from elastic material and incorporates an auxetic structure with hollow, re-entrant patterns that produce a negative Poisson’s ratio. Consequently, when stretched, the wrap becomes wider rather than thinner, which helps prevent buckling and maintains a smooth surface. Combined with its elasticity, this design ensures the cotton ball remains in firm contact with the skin. In this work, the internal geometry of the auxetic structure is first designed based on geometric constraints. To link the two ends of the wrap around an elbow, a self-locking mechanism is then developed that relies on both friction and the material’s elasticity. Finally, the prototype is fabricated using resin 3D printing. Testing results demonstrate that the wrap effectively resolves the issues of loose contact and over-tightening, which are frequently observed when conventional bandages or adhesive tapes are employed to secure a cotton ball following venipuncture.
Characterization of Bipolar Fuzzy SBG-Ideals in Sheffer Stroke BG-Algebras
In this paper, we systematically develop the theory of bipolar-valued fuzzy sets in the setting of Sheffer stroke BG-algebras (SBG-algebras) by introducing and characterizing bipolar fuzzy SBG-subalgebras and SBG-ideals. Necessary and sufficient conditions for these structures are established via sss-cuts and ttt-cuts, along with explicit algorithms for their verification. We further investigate the relationship between bipolar-valued fuzzy sets and their crisp counterparts through constructive examples. It is shown that the intersection of bipolar fuzzy SBG-ideals preserves the ideal structure, and that the combination of the positive membership function with the complement of the negative membership function yields fuzzy SBG-ideals and subalgebras. These findings extend the algebraic framework of fuzzy logic and provide practical tools for modeling and analyzing bipolar uncertainty in algebraic systems.
Evaluation of Ozonated Water and Ultraviolet Light Water Treatments on Bacillus subtilis Spore Efficacy in Spiked Water Samples
The goal of this water treatment study was to evaluate the effects of ozonated water and ultraviolet light (100–280 nm) on the efficacy of Bacillus subtilis spores. These water treatments are based on the current research for sanitizing bio-contaminated water. However, this study focused on small-scale water treatment units that could be modified or custom-built for a mobile sanitation system used for cleaning field equipment. The factorial study included four factors, resulting in a total of 16 water treatments. The ultraviolet light water treatment (UVC + UVC), with a total exposure time of 60 minutes, resulted in a log10 reduction of 3.51, equivalent to a 99.9% reduction in viable spores. The average spore reduction from UVC treatment increases with exposure time, then reaches an asymptotic plateau between 30 and 60 minutes. The combination of ozonated water with UV radiation yielded promising results in reducing spores. Wastewater technology, based on UVC systems, may be implemented with both mobile power washing systems. Additionally, larger units are required to effectively sterilize bio-contaminated wastewater within farms and storage facilities in the agricultural industry.
The Impact of the Hunga Tonga Volcanic Eruption on Earth's Temperature
In January 2020, we published a paper [1] showing that the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) claimed that Earth’s temperature would reach 1.5 °C above pre-industrial days by 2030. At the same time, those who study the Sun, such as Valentina Zharkov, indicated that by 2030, the Earth's temperature would be much lower and close to pre-industrial times. The satellite temperature measurements of the Earth’s temperature are the best because they cover the whole Earth and minimize the urban heat island effect. This record shows that from January 2019 to January 2023, the temperatures dropped by approximately 0.5 °C, which indicates that the Earth is cooling. On January 15, 2022, the Hunga Tonga submarine volcano violently erupted, sending approximately 146 million tonnes of water into the stratosphere. This water reduced the heat flow to space. It increased the Earth’s temperature to a peak in April 2024 of approximately 0.45 °C above the safe upper limit of 1.5 °C above pre-industrial levels, as promoted by the IPCC. There was no disastrous effect. We are halfway to 2030, and there are serious problems with the IPCC estimate. It is recommended that the IPCC consider revising its estimates of the impact of CO2 on warming the Earth’s atmosphere.
Numerical Simulation of a Turboprop Engine Inlet with a Bypass Channel
Turboprop aircraft may face a variety of harsh flight environments during flight, and various foreign objects may be sucked into the engine, among which the inhalation of sand can lead to erosion of the blades of the compressor. Such ingestion often results in compressor blade erosion, which can lead to engine surge and power loss. Therefore, this study explores the aerodynamic and sand separation characteristics of the inlet channel with a bypass channel through numerical simulation methods. ANSYS Fluent software is used to simulate the six-bladed propeller rotation based on the slip-grid technique by combining the unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations (URANS) and shear stress transport (SST) turbulence model. A Lagrangian discrete phase model (DPM) is applied to track the motion of standard coarse sand. The focus is on analyzing the mechanism of different propeller speeds and scavenge ratio (SCR) on the separation efficiency (η).
Hypersonic Boundary Layer Flow Over a Flat Plate with Applied Magnetic Field and Vectored Surface Mass Transfer
A boundary layer analysis is presented for hypersonic flow over isothermal and adiabatic flat plates. Consideration is given to variable properties of air. It has been shown that surface drag and heat transfer rates can be controlled by applying magnetic field and vectored surface mass transfer. The range of Mach numbers considered is 2.5 to 10. As the magnetic field strength increases, friction factor and heat transfer rate (for an isothermal surface) or surface temperature (for an adiabatic surface) increase. Friction factor and surface temperature (in the case of adiabatic surface) can be reduced by applying vectored surface mass transfer.
Soft Intersection Quasi-interior Ideals of Semigroups
It has been shown that generalizing the ideals of an algebraic structure is both interesting and beneficial for mathematicians. In this context, the concept of quasi-interior (Ԛꟾ) ideal was introduced as a generalization of quasi-ideal and interior ideal of a semigroup. In this paper, we apply this concept to soft set theory and semigroups, introducing a new form of soft intersection (S-int) ideal called the "soft intersection (S-int) quasi-interior (Ԛꟾ) ideal." The main objective of this study is to investigate the relationships between S-int Ԛꟾ ideals and other specific types of S-int ideals in a semigroup. It has been shown that every S-int interior ideal of a semigroup is an S-int Ԛꟾ ideal, and every S-int ideal is an S-int Ԛꟾ ideal. The S-int bi-ideal of a group is an S-int Ԛꟾ ideal, the S-int quasi-ideal of a regular group is an S-int Ԛꟾ ideal, the idempotent S-int Ԛꟾ ideal is an S-int bi-quasi-ideal and an S-int bi-interior ideal. Counterexamples are provided to show that the opposites of these statements are not always valid. We prove that for the converses to hold, the semigroup should be a group or regular, or the S-int Ԛꟾ ideal should be idempotent. Our main theorem, which demonstrates that if a subsemigroup of a semigroup is a Ԛꟾ ideal, then its soft characteristic function is an S-int Ԛꟾ ideal, and vice versa, enables us to establish a connection between semigroup theory and soft set theory. Through this theorem, we illustrate how this concept connects to the existing algebraic structures in classical semigroup theory. Additionally, we offer conceptual characterizations and an analysis of the concept in terms of soft set operations, including soft image and soft inverse image, supporting our claims with specific, informative examples. Furthermore, the connection between a regular semigroup and the structure of S-int Ԛꟾ ideals is established and presented.
Sensitivity Analysis of a Supersonic Airfoil’s Optimal Design Using Taylor Series
In this study, we conducted a sensitivity analysis to determine the optimal design of a supersonic airfoil. The design includes four independent variables: angle of attack, thickness of the upper surface, and the locations of the upper and lower surfaces' maximum thicknesses. The output is the maximum lift-to-wave drag ratio. First, we used a first-order Taylor approximation to analyze the impact of each design variable on the output. The first three variables have similar effects, while the fourth has less influence. Next, we applied a second-order Taylor approximation to further explore how each variable affects the output and the response function near the optimal design point. The results show that small variations in the design variables lead to minor changes in airfoil performance. We also identified the variable ranges around this point that satisfy the constraints through numerical calculations. Finally, we compared our approach with factorial design, a common sensitivity analysis method, and found that Taylor approximations offer a more detailed theoretical explanation of the results.
Optimal Design of a Biconvex Airfoil for a Supersonic Aircraft Using the Basin-Hopping and Exhaustive Search Methods
In this study, based on target design conditions, an airfoil is designed for a supersonic aircraft to achieve the maximum lift-to-wave drag ratio, with constraints on the lift coefficient, pitching moment, and maximum thickness. The coefficients of lift and wave drag are calculated numerically using shock/expansion wave theory. To solve the corresponding optimization problem, the Basin-Hopping algorithm—a method commonly used in computational chemical physics for determining minimum energy structures of molecules—is employed. To enhance the search for local extrema, the Sequential Least Squares Programming (SLSQP) method, known for handling constrained optimization problems, is integrated with the Basin-Hopping algorithm. For comparison and validation, the exhaustive search method, a simple technique that evaluates various combinations of design variables to find the optimal solution, is also applied. The results show that while the exhaustive search identifies the optimal design, the Basin-Hopping algorithm yields a slightly better design and requires only about 1/60 of the computation time. This work outlines the design process and demonstrates how advanced optimization algorithms can efficiently address engineering design challenges.
A Study on Fractional Integral Inequalities for Trigonometric and Exponential Trigonometric-convex Functions
Inequalities involving fractional operators have also been an active area of research. These inequalities play a crucial role in establishing bounds, estimates, and stability conditions for solutions to fractional integrals. In this paper, firstly we establish these new identities for the case of twice differentiable functions and Caputo-Fabrizio fractional integrals. By utilizing these new identities, novel inequalities are obtained for trigonometric convex functions, and exponential trigonometric convex functions and exponential trigonometric convex functions. It is expected that the outcomes of this research will point to new developments in the study of fractional calculus.
Growing Parental Lines of Sunflower under Group Isolators
The study has been conducted at the Education-Scientific Institute of Natural and Agrarian Sciences of Lugansk National University named Taras Shevchenko (Ukraine). The research was aimed at establishing the elements of agricultural technology that ensure the maximum yield of pure seeds of sterile analog of the maternal lines GE6A and GE57A when grown under group isolators. This study examined the structure of plant productivity of sterile analog when grown under group isolators with a width of row spacing of 70 and 45 cm, with a plant population of 40, 50, 60, and 70 thousand plants ha-1. The created conditions for growing plants under group isolators had different effects on the development of the vegetative mass of plants and quantitative characteristics of the productivity of plants of lines. A width of row spacing and crop density statistically influenced (P < 0.05) the formation of quantitative traits of plant productivity of maternal lines. Growing lines with a width row spacing of 45 cm at a plant density of 40-60 thousand ha-1 ensured an increase in the weight of head seeds in the sterile analog of the maternal line GE6A by 3.7-5.8 g, in the sterile analog of the maternal line GE57A - by 4.2-6.2 g. Each maternal line had an individual reaction to changes in growing conditions. A width of row spacing of 45 cm and a sowing density of 50 thousand plants/ha ensured the highest pure yield of seeds from a sieve with a hole size of 2.5 × 20 mm from one isolators of 16.0 kg and a maximum yield of 1.69 t ha-1 for the sterile analog of the maternal line GE6A. A width of row spacing of 45 cm and a sowing density of 50-60 thousand plants/ha ensured the highest pure yield of seeds from a sieve with a hole size of 2.5 × 20 mm from one isolators of 14.7-14.8 kg and a maximum yield of 1.55-1.57 t ha-1 for the sterile analog of the maternal line GE57A. The sterile analog of the maternal line GE6A, with a maximum yield level at a width of row spacing of 45 cm, produced a higher yield of 0.14-0.12 t ha-1 than the sterile analog of the maternal line GE57A. The research results allowed us to recommend the use of agricultural technology elements individually when growing maternal lines under group isolators.
Further Operations (Complement, Intersection, Union) for IndetermSoft Set, IndetermHyperSoft Set, and TreeSoft Set and their Applications
In this paper, efforts are intensified as much as possible to explicitly and clearly give the definitions as regards the operations involving the complement, intersection as well as the union for IndetermSoft Set, IndetermHyperSoft Set, and Tree Soft Set respectively. All these we believe, to the best of our knowledge, have neither been pronounced nor treated in literatures, and to use them in real applications.
On New Simultaneous Generalizations of Well-Known Fixed Point Theorems
The primary goal of this work is to establish some new fixed point theorems and new simultaneous generalizations of Berinde-Berinde’s fixed point theorem, Mizoguchi-Takahashi’s fixed point theorem, Nadler’s fixed point theorem, Banach contraction principle, Kannan’s fixed point theorem and Chatterjea’s fixed point theorem.
Mizoguchi-Takahashi’s fixed point theorem
Evaluation of Some Secondary Radio Meteorological Variables for Line-of-Sight Applications over Some Locations in Nigeria
Reliable data on radio propagation is required to suggest useful models for radio-climatic study. Computation of some secondary radio parameters across ten locations in Nigeria was done to deduce their effects on Line-of-Sight links. ERA-5 data obtained from the archive of European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecast (ECMWF) comprising of surface air and dew temperature, atmospheric pressure and relative humidity covering eight years (January 2010 – December 2017) was utilized. The results show that average radio refractivity values during the wet season (343.4 N-units) was higher than the dry season (273 N-units) and radio refractivity gradient values increase as the wet season progresses. Mean effective earth radius factor (k-factor) for the period of study were 1.38, 1.34, 1.67 and 1.72 for the rainforest, mangrove swamp, Sudan and guinea savannah regions respectively. It was also observed that a distinct relationship exists between the geo-climatic factor (K) and the seasons of the year with a range of 2.2 ×10-5 to 1.0 ×10-4.
Geoclimatic factor and Point refractivity gradient
Walrasian Economic Equilibrium Problems in Convex Regions
This paper defines Walrasian economic equilibrium in convex regions, introduces the definition of strict-proper quasimonotone functions, and derives some necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence and uniqueness of Walrasian equilibrium vectors in convex regions.
Review Article: Graph Colouring and Applications
In this article, we present fundamental concept of graph theory and its application in real life. Section 1 deals with the basic definitions and literature review. In Section 2, we describe the algebraic properties of graph. The last section is dedicated to the colouring pattern of graph and its applications. All the information given in this article based on the references [1-8] and the references therein.
The Sun Evaporates Water to Cool the Earth for Life to Flourish
This study analyzes the role of water vapor in keeping the Earth cool and the role of the Sun in providing food and oxygen. The Sun sends enormous amounts of energy daily to the Earth—about one-half of the world's annual energy consumption. This energy heats the surface, evaporates water, and creates a rising thermal column of warm, moist air. When the air reaches an altitude where the dew point causes the evaporated water to condense, the heat released eventually escapes to space as infrared radiation. Enough heat is released to space to maintain the Earth’s temperature suitable for current life forms. The level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is adequate for the photosynthesis process to provide food and oxygen for the life forms. The water cycle shows how the system works. Storms such as thunderstorms and hurricanes are powerful and essential to the water cycle. They provide most heat removal. No component of the Earth’s atmosphere other than water vapor has a significant cooling effect. A tiny but essential part of the Sun’s energy powers photosynthesis, providing oxygen and food at the bottom of the food chain on land and in the sea.
Quality Changes in Nuggets and Frying Oils due to Repeated Deep Frying: A Comprehensive Study
In this study, it was aimed to determine the effects of nuggets produced using turkey meat by repeated frying in olive oil under atmospheric and pressure frying conditions on some physicochemical and instrumental texture properties of nuggets and some quality properties (free fatty acid, peroxide value and total polar compound) of frying oil. While pressure frying increased the moisture value of the samples, the moisture values of the samples decreased as the number of frying repetitions increased. A higher TBARS value was determined in atmospheric frying compared to pressure frying (p˂0,01), and the TBARS value of the samples increased as the number of frying repetitions increased. Pressure frying increased the L* and b* values and decreased the a* value in the internal and external surface of the samples (p˂0,05). While the number of frying factor did not cause a significant difference (p˃0,05), on the color values in the internal surface, as the number of frying increased, the L* and b* values of the samples decreased and the a* values increased. While pressure frying process increased the hardness, resilience, cohesiveness, springiness, gumminess and chewiness values in nuggets (p˂0,01), frying method had no significant effect on adhesiveness (p˃0,05). It was determined that the frying method and the number of frying repetitions factors had a very significant effect (p˂0,01) on the free fatty acid, peroxide value and total polar substance content of the oils.
Copyright (c) 2024 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Intuitionistic Fuzzy Subalgebras of Several Types in Sheffer Stroke Hilbert Algebras
Characterizations of an (E, E)-intuitionistic fuzzy subalgebra and an (q(kT,KF), EV q(KT,KF))-intuitionistic fuzzy subalgebra are provided. Given special sets, so called intuitionistic fuzzy E-subsets, intuitionistic fuzzy q-subsets and intuitionistic fuzzy (q(kT,KF), EV q(KT,KF))-subsets, conditions for the intuitionistic fuzzy (q(kT,KF), EV q(KT,KF))-subsets, intuitionistic fuzzy -subsets and intuitionistic fuzzy -subsets to be subalgebras are discussed.
Case Study: Long-Term Monitoring of Health Biomarkers after Drinking Structured Water Over 43 Months
This case study presents a three-year monitoring of personal biomarkers before and after drinking structured water for a single subject. The five biomarkers were specifically chosen to assess the long-term effects of structured water (SW) on overall health status. The biomarker results show that Resting Energy Expenditure (REE) decreased by 18.3 %, and resting oxygen consumption rate (VO2) decreased by 21.6% after 43 months of drinking SW water. The positive changes in the five biomarkers suggest that SW water effectively replenished and maintained BSW water levels in the subject. Furthermore, the improved biomarker results indicate that drinking SW water significantly reduced the additional stress of relying solely on aerobic respiration to meet all cellular energy needs. Replenishing BSW water levels by drinking SW water could potentially reverse dehydration and aging health issues.
On the Distribution of the Prime Numbers
This research explores the distribution of prime numbers, which are a fundamental topic in number theory. The study originated from the author's fascination with mathematics and the desire to discover something novel. The research proposes that the distribution of prime numbers follows a regular pattern starting from the number 2. The author suggests that prime numbers can be obtained by dividing certain even numbers that have four factors by the number 2, resulting in prime numbers in sequential order. This hypothesis was tested and confirmed through the practical application of the proposed mathematical formula. Additionally, the study found that even numbers greater than or equal to 8, with six or more factors, produce complex numbers. Thus, this research provides two main contributions: firstly, a mathematical formula for the distribution of prime numbers, and secondly, a formula for the distribution of complex numbers. These findings have potential applications in various mathematical fields, including cryptography and problem-solving in number theory.
Relation between Total Geodesic Submanifolds and Tachibana Operator for Lorentzian Sasakian Space Forms
In this article, total geodesic submanifolds of a Lorentzian Sasakian Space forms are characterized according to the Tachibana tensor with the help of some special curvature tensors. The behavior of total geodesic submanifolds of the Lorentzian Sasakian Space Forms has determined under some important conditions.
Development and Testing of a Low-Cost Solar-powered Disdrometer for Rainfall Characterization
This research explores the development, construction, and validation of a cost-effective, solar-powered disdrometer designed to enhance the study of rainfall parameters. Disdrometers are essential tools for quantifying rainfall characteristics, such as drop size distribution and intensity, which are critical for understanding precipitation microphysics and improving weather radar and satellite rainfall estimation. However, the high cost of commercial disdrometers limits their accessibility, particularly in resource-constrained regions. To address this challenge, a low-cost disdrometer was developed using widely available and affordable components, without compromising performance. The device integrates a piezoelectric sensor for raindrop detection, an amplification system, and a microcontroller for data processing. The system is powered by solar energy, further reducing operational costs and enabling remote deployment. Field tests conducted in a tropical region demonstrated that the disdrometer reliably captures rainfall parameters comparable to those obtained by commercial systems, making it a valuable resource for atmospheric research, hydrology, and meteorology, particularly in resource-limited settings. The study concludes that this solar-powered disdrometer offers a feasible, efficient, and sustainable solution for rainfall characterization.
The Possibility of Using Allelic Variants of Electrophoretic Spectra of Storage Proteins in the Breeding of Sunflower
Relevance of the provided research work lies in the need to create parental lines of sunflower with high genetic purity, high combinatorial ability to obtain modern hybrids capable of forming a high level of yield in the arid conditions of the Steppe of Ukraine. Analysis and study of allelic variants of electrophoretic spectra makes it possible to expand the genetic diversity of the source material identified by the spectra of seed storage proteins. The main goal was to establish and study allelic variants of sunflower seed storage proteins, their use in individual plant selection in the process of creating self-pollinated lines, with the subsequent inclusion of lines in the breeding process. The source material for creating self-pollinated lines were sunflower varieties and interspecific hybrids. Plant selection was carried out according to morphological characteristics and allelic variants of the electrophoretic spectra of sunflower seed storage proteins according to the method of F. O. Poperel. The research was carried out in accordance with generally accepted methods in plant breeding. As a result of the conducted studies, allelic variants of electrophoretic spectra of sunflower seed storage proteins Hel 1, Hel 2, Hel 3, Hel 4, Hel 5, Hel 6, Hel 7, Hel 9, Hel NK were established. New self-pollinated sunflower lines with a high level of genetic purity with identified loci Hel 7, Hel 9, Hel NK were created. The creation of starting material from interspecific hybrids ensured the production of genotypes with new helianthine spectra and contributed to the expansion of the genetic diversity of sunflower. Based on allelic variants of protein spectra, protein spectra were developed and recorded for each self-pollinated sample and line created. Self-pollinated lines were created using protein spectra and clustering of the resulting genotypes was performed. Sunflower hybrids with the participation of lines from the most genetically distant clusters form a yield higher by 0.5-0.8 t ha-1. The established allelic variants of the electrophoretic spectra of seed storage proteins are recommended to be used in individual plant selection in the process of obtaining self-pollinated sunflower lines with a high level of genetic purity. The obtained sunflower lines are recommended to be used in the creation of hybrids intended for cultivation in arid steppe conditions of Ukraine.
Electrophoretic spectrum of storage protein
Cultural Heritage Environments: Monitoring Strategy for Preventive Conservation of Cultural Assets and Human Health Protection
Objects of historic artistic value, conserved in indoor deposits or exhibited inside museum halls, are strongly influenced by the environmental parameters, as temperature, relative humidity and light quality. Environmental parameters directly impact the structural integrity of constitutive materials and promote microbial colonization on artwork surfaces, leading to biodeterioration. In cultural heritage dedicated environments (CHE), the microbial load may exist both on art works surface and in the environmental aerosol (bioaerosol), maintaining a unique balance. In this study, through a multi-phasic approach the presence of bacteria and fungal colonies in the aerosol and artifacts surface, of an exposure hall, have been investigated. This study defined specific, non-invasive procedures to sample microbial colonies, spread both on artworks surface and in the aerosol of dedicated indoor environments. Results from morphological analysis (microscopy, in vitro culture) and molecular investigation (microbial genomic DNA), provided useful information on the composition of the microbial consortia, allowing a complete understanding. Microorganisms, in addition to inducing artifacts biodeterioration are able to produce and release, in the aerosol (bioaerosol) of surrounding environment, biological particles and molecules (spores, cellular debris, toxins and allergens), potentially dangerous for the health of operators and visitors. The complete understanding of the consortia is peculiar to counteract the microbial colonization, also performing green strategies.
Several Derivative Formulas of Two Exponential Functions and Real Power of Hyperbolic Secant Function with a Generalization of a Formula for Specific Partial Bell Polynomials
In the paper, by virtue of some identities for the partial Bell polynomials and with the aid of the Faá di Bruno formula, the author presents several derivative formulas of two exponential functions and the real power of the hyperbolic secant function, and generalizes a formula for specific partial Bell polynomials.
Some Results on Neutrosophic I-Statistically Convergence
This paper introduces the neutrosophic -statistical convergent difference sequence spaces defined through a modulus function. Additionally, we establish new topological spaces and examine various topological properties within these neutrosophic -statistical convergent difference sequence spaces.
Fuzzy Soft Sets and its Application to Decision Making: A Short Case Study Involving the Health Sector
The health sector faces uncertainty and complex decision-making scenarios, making traditional analytical tools insufficient. The fuzzy soft set theory has emerged as a powerful framework for modeling and reasoning with uncertain information, with promising applications in the health domain. This project explores the application of fuzzy soft sets in various decision-making processes in the health sector, including medical diagnosis, disease classification, treatment planning, risk assessment, patient stratification, and predictive modeling. The study reviews historical development of fuzzy set theory and its extension to soft sets, discussing challenges, limitations, and future research directions. The findings aim to contribute to the growing body of knowledge on the practical relevance and potential of fuzzy soft set theory in addressing healthcare decision-making needs.
Application and Optimization of Rheological Mathematical Models in Preparation and Injection Process of Polymer Flooding
The impact of shear on the properties of polymer solutions is not fully accounted for in the simulation of conventional rheological models. To optimize the application of these mathematical models, the shear rheological characteristics of polyacrylamide at various concentrations were investigated under different shear rates and shear modes. The results indicate that pseudoplastic fluid polymers exhibit two distinct rheological characteristics within their "shear thinning" rate range. The critical shear rate at this threshold signifies the point at which shear stress begins to disrupt the structure of the polymer solution, resulting in a rheological curve that transitions from high to low shear rates without reverting back to a low-to-high state. The concentration of the solution has minimal effect on the critical shear rate of the polymer, which is primarily determined by the inherent properties of the polymer itself. The application of rheological models during preparation and injection processes can elucidate the effects of shear on polymers by analyzing changes in apparent viscosity. Furthermore, the rheological model following supercritical shear rates requires modifications to the consistency coefficient (K) and flow index (n) based on shear rheological data obtained from high to low shear rates.